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Secrets of the Black Sea: Where do Black Sea sturgeons come from and what is their status?


Sturgeon fish are one of the key endemic species in the Black Sea, and one of its largest dwellers. The ancestors of this group appeared more than 200 million years ago, when species very similar to modern sturgeon fish, along with ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs, inhabited the ancient Tethys Sea, from which the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov, and the Caspian Sea were formed. The highest rise of this group took place when the future Black Sea represented a kind of highly desalinated lake, isolated from the ocean and similar to the modern Caspian Sea.

There are seven species of sturgeon in the Black Sea, the largest of which is the beluga (Huso huso) which can reach a length of more than 4 metres and weigh about 1.5 tonnes, and can live for more than 100 years. The other six species are in the sturgeon genus (Acipenser).

Sturgeons are anadromous fish, meaning that they spend their lives in the sea, but reproduce in rivers. Earlier, their spawning route reached as far as Kyiv and Vienna, but in the 20th century, all the large rivers of the Black Sea basin were blocked by hydroelectric dams and thus, there were no available spawning areas left. Mature sturgeons thrive in saline water, whilst young sturgeons survive only in lightly-salinated water, which is why the sturgeon ‘kindergarden’ is limited to river estuaries and deltas. Not very long ago, the Sea of Azov was an appropriate area for young sturgeon migrations, but for the last several years the Azov has become more saline, and suitable conditions only persist in Tahanrih Bay. As such, the seas and rivers which were the home for the largest Black Sea fish for millions of years, became inhospitable for them because of human impact.

Along with the loss of typical habitats, the sturgeon population was strongly affected by overfishing – mainly poaching, as their meat and, more importantly, its black caviar are considered to be valuable delicacies (in fact, sturgeons were exported from the Black Sea by the ancient Greeks as an especially valuable product). No wonder that all the seven species of sturgeon became endangered and were listed in the Red Books of all Black Sea countries.

The population of the European sturgeon (Acipenser sturio) decreased most dramatically. Nowadays, this species is listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, with its population in a critical state. A few years ago, its entired Black Sea population was believed to have died out. During EMBLAS 2017 Project research, the DNA of the European sturgeon was found in many samples throughout the Black Sea. This situation is similar to that of the beluga sturgeon, which is also under threat of extinction. But DNA analyses of the sea water (and also a case that arose last year, when border guards accidentally caught two poachers with 0.5 tonnes of beluga in their trunk) proves that a number of these unique fish still swim in the Black Sea. At this stage, every Black Sea country must unite in their efforts to prevent the eldest fish of the Black Sea – which has lived through millennia of geological disasters – from sharing the destiny of their contemporaries, the ichthyosaurs. 


The publication was prepared with the financial support of the EU – UNDP project ‘Improving Environmental Monitoring in the Black Sea: Selected measures’ (EMBLAS-Plus). This publication was produced with the financial support of the European Union and UNDP. Its contents are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union or UNDP

Authors: B. Aleksandrov, O. Adrianova, N. Atamas, V. Bolshakov, O. Bondarenko, I. Chernichko, V. Demchenko, S. Dyatlov, Y. Dykhanov, E. Dykyi, O. Garkusha, P. Gol’din, S. Hutornoy, V. Komorin, Y. Kvach, V. Mamaev, O. Manturova, O. Marushevska, A. Mikelyan, Yu. Mikhalev, G. Minicheva, I. Sinegub, T. Shiganova, J. Slobodnik, A. Snigiryova, M. Son, K. Vishnyakova, A. Zotov. Illustrator: I. Pustovar.


Jean Xavier Raoult and his photos of Odessa (1870)


Jean Xavier Raoult (fr. J. X. Raoult) came to Odessa in the 1870s. He founded a photo studio in Odessa (on Deribasovskaya in Kirk’s house), then it was all at the level of such high technologies that it was generally impossible for an ordinary person of that time to comprehend with the mind. All this was named “Photographie Française. Rue de Ribas. Maison Cirico. J. X. Raoult. Odessa”.

He was engaged in ethnographic photography in the Southern regions of Russia. Known for a selection of his works that were included in the “Album of folk types of Russia.” The album was released in 1878. In the same year he became a member of the French Photographic Society.

For a series of photos “Album of folk types of Russia.“, Jean Raoul was awarded at the Paris Geographical Exposition of 1875 and at the World Exposition in Paris in 1878.

He also photographed the war between Russia and Turkey in 1877-1878, as a war correspondent. Then (in 1884), he made a shootings in Istanbul (Constantinopole), together with a professor at Novorossiysk University N.P. Kondakov. In the end, after he did what all people dream of – he dumped to Europe (to his homeland in France), where he died in 1890.

Photos of Odessa from the “Album of Folk Types of Russia”, shoted by Jean Xavier Raoul in 1878

View of the port from Nikolaevsky (Primorsky) boulevard from the building of the City Council. In the center of the photo there is the Saint Nicholas Port Church – the very descent of the Big (Potemkin) Stairs. The church will be blown up by the Bolsheviks in the late 1920s
View of the Platonovsky and Karantinniy breakwaters from Nikolaevsky (Primorsky) boulevard
Odessa port. View from the Big (Potemkin) Stairs
Odessa port. View from Nikolaevsky Boulevard (Primorsky) to the Quarantine pier
Lanzheronovskaya Street. On the left is the Richelieu hotel. Almost all of the houses in the photo have not survived. On the right, the ruins of the first opera house that burned down in 1873, but they were not included in the shot. The new theater will appear only in 1887 (in nine years)
Ekaterininskaya square. The period when there was only a fountain on this garden
Nikolaevsky (Primorsky) boulevard from the city council. The monument to Pushkin is not yet even in the projects
Nikolaevsky (Primorsky) boulevard near the Richelieu (Duke) monument. Everything here is almost the same as now, only the trees are smaller and the restaurant (on the right) is already in the final ruins
Potemkin staircase. There is no funicular yet
Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral before the large-scale reconstruction of 1901 – 1903
City Council building. Except for the large awnings on the windows (sun protection), everything is almost like it is now
Seretenska Church in the New Market (it was located right in the center of the market). Destroyed in the 1930s by the Soviet regime
Small Fountain. These houses near the water are baths for high society
Small Fountain. You will not find such stones on Odessa beaches
Small Fountain
Andreevsky (now Kuyalnitsky) estuary and hospital
Lanzheron. There is Dolphinarium “Nemo” somewhere in this place

Source: Odessa History


The Bookshelf: A clump of lilacs


Aleksandr Ivanovich Kuprin is a Russian novelist and short-story writer, one of the last exponents of the great tradition of Russian critical realism. Kuprin’s style is extremely natural.


Nikolai Yevgrafovitch Almazof hardly waited for his wife to open the door to him; he went straight to his study without taking off his hat or coat. His wife knew in a moment by his frowning face and nervously-bitten underlip that a great misfortune had occurred.

She followed him in silence. Almazof stood still for a moment when he reached the study, and stared gloomily into one corner, then he dashed his portfolio out of his hand on to the floor, where it lay wide open, and threw himself into an armchair, irritably snapping his fingers together.

He was a young and poor army officer attending a course of lectures at the staff office academy, and had just returned from a class. To-day he had taken in to the professor his last and most difficult practical work, a survey of the neighbourhood.

So far all his examinations had gone well, and it was only known to God and to his wife what fearful labour they had cost him…. To begin with, his very entrance into the academy had seemed impossible at first. Two years in succession he had failed ignominiously, and only in the third had he by determined effort overcome all hindrances. If it hadn’t been for his wife he would not have had sufficient energy to continue the struggle; he would have given it up entirely. But Verotchka never allowed him to lose heart, she was always encouraging him … she met every drawback with a bright, almost gay, front. She denied herself everything so that her husband might have all the little things so necessary for a man engaged in mental labour; she was his secretary, draughtsman, reader, lesson-hearer, and note-book all in one.

For five minutes there was a dead silence, broken only by the sorry sound of their old alarm clock, familiar and tiresome … one, two, three-three—two clear ticks, and the third with a hoarse stammer. Almazof still sat in his hat and coat, turning to one side in his chair…. Vera stood two paces from him, silent also, her beautiful mobile face full of suffering. At length she broke the stillness with the cautiousness a woman might use when speaking at the bedside of a very sick friend:

“Well, Kolya, what about the work? Was it bad?”

He shrugged his shoulders without speaking.

“Kolya, was it rejected? Tell me; we must talk it over together.”

Almazof turned to his wife and began to speak irritably and passionately, as one generally does speak when telling of an insult long endured.

“Yes, yes. They’ve rejected it, if you want to know. Can’t you see they have? It’s all gone to the devil! All that rubbish”—he kicked the portfolio with his foot—”all that rubbish had better be thrown into the fire. That’s your academy. I shall be back in the regiment with a bang next month, disgraced. And all for a filthy spot … damn it!”

“What spot, Kolya?” asked she. “I don’t understand anything about it.”

She sat down on the side of his chair and put her arm round his neck. He made no resistance, but still continued to stare into the corner with an injured expression.

“What spot was it, Kolya?” asked his wife once more.

“Oh, an ordinary spot—of green paint. You know I sat up until three o’clock last night to finish my drawing. The plan was beautifully done. Everyone said so. Well, I sat there last night and I got so tired that my hand shook, and I made a blot—such a big one…. I tried to erase it, but I only made it worse…. I thought and thought what I had better do, and I made up my mind to put a clump of trees in that place…. It was very successful, and no one could guess there had been a blot. Well, to-day I took it in to the professor. ‘Yes, yes,’ said he, ‘that’s very well. But what have you got here, lieutenant; where have these bushes sprung from?’ Of course, I ought to have told him what had happened. Perhaps he would only have laughed … but no, he wouldn’t, he’s such an accurate German, such a pedant. So I said, ‘There are some trees growing there.’ ‘Oh, no, no,’ said he. ‘I know this neighbourhood as well as I know the five fingers of my own hand; there can’t be any trees there.’ So, my word against his, we had a great argument about it; many of our officers were there too, listening. ‘Well,’ he said at last, ‘if you’re so sure that there are trees in this hollow, be so good as to ride over with me to-morrow and see. I’ll prove to you that you’ve either done your work carelessly, or that you’ve copied it from a three versts to the inch map….'”

“But why was he so certain that no bushes were there?”

“Oh, Lord, why? What childish questions you do ask! Because he’s known this district for twenty years; he knows it better than his own bedroom. He’s the most fearful pedant in the world, and a German besides…. Well, of course, he’ll know in the end that I was lying and so discussed the point with him….”

All the time he spoke he kept picking up burnt matches from the ash-tray on the table in front of him, and breaking them to little bits. When he ceased speaking, he threw the pieces on the floor. It was quite evident that, strong man though he was, he was very near weeping.

For a long while husband and wife sat there silent. Then suddenly Verotchka jumped up from her seat.

“Listen, Kolya,” said she. “We must go this very minute. Make haste and get ready.”

Nikolai Yevgrafovitch wrinkled up his face as if he were suffering some intolerable pain.

“Oh, don’t talk nonsense, Vera,” he said. “You don’t think I can go and put matters right by apologising, do you? That would be asking for punishment. Don’t be foolish, please!”

“No, it’s not foolishness,” said Vera, stamping her toot. “Nobody wants you to go and apologise. But, don’t you see, if there aren’t any silly old trees there we’d better go and put some.”

“Put some—trees!” exclaimed Nikolai Yevgrafovitch, his eyes staring.

“Yes, put some there. If you didn’t speak the truth, then you must make it true. Come along, get ready. Give me my hat … and coat. No, not there; in the cupboard…. Umbrella!”

And while Almazof, finding his objections entirely ignored, began to look for the hat and coat, Vera opened drawers and brought out various little boxes and cases.

“Earrings…. No, they’re no good. We shan’t get anything on them. Ah, here’s this ring with the valuable stone. We’ll have to buy that back some time. It would be a pity to lose it. Bracelet … they won’t give much for that either, it’s old and bent…. Where’s your silver cigar-case, Kolya?”

In five minutes all their valuables were in her hand-bag, and Vera, dressed and ready, looked round for the last time to assure herself she hadn’t overlooked anything.

“Let us go,” she said at last, resolutely.

“But where?” Almazof tried again to protest. “It’s beginning to get dark already, and the place is ten versts away.”

“Stupid! Come along.”

First of all they went to the pawnshop. The pawnbroker had evidently got accustomed long ago to the sight of people in distress, and could not be touched by it. He was so methodical about his work, and took so long to value the things, that Vera felt she should go crazy. What specially vexed her was that the man should test her ring with acid, and then, after weighing it, he valued it at three roubles only.

“But it’s a real brilliant,” said poor Vera. “It cost thirty-seven roubles, and then it was a bargain.”

The pawnbroker closed his eyes with the air of a man who is frankly bored.

“It’s all the same to us, madam,” said he, putting the next article into the scales. “We don’t take the stones into consideration, only the metals.”

To Vera’s astonishment, her old and bent bracelet was more valuable. Altogether they got about twenty-three roubles, and that was more than was really necessary.

When they got to the gardener’s house, the white Petersburg night had already spread over the heavens, and a pearly light was in the air. The gardener, a Tchekh, a little old man with gold eyeglasses, had only just sat down to supper with his family. He was much surprised at their request, and not altogether willing to take such a late order. He was doubtless suspicious of a practical joke, and answered dryly to Vera’s insistent demands:

“I’m very sorry. But I can’t send my workmen so far at night. If it will do to-morrow morning, I’m quite at your service.”

There was no way out of the difficulty but to tell the man the whole story of the unfortunate blot, and this Verotchka did. He listened doubtfully at first, and was almost unfriendly, but when Vera began to tell him of her plan to plant some bushes on the place, he became more attentive and smiled sympathetically several times.

“Oh, well, it’s not much to do,” he agreed, when Vera had finished her story. “What sort of bushes do you want?”

However, when they came to look at his plants, there was nothing very suitable. The only thing possible to put on the spot was a clump of lilacs.

It was in vain for Almazof to try and persuade his wife to go home. She went all the way with him, and stayed all the time the bushes were planted, feverishly fussing about and hindering the workmen. She only consented to go home when she was assured that the turf under the bushes could not be distinguished from the rest of the grass round about.

Next day Vera felt it impossible to remain in the house. She went out to meet her husband. Quite a long way off she knew, by a slight spring in his walk, that everything had gone well…. True, Almazof was covered in dust, and he could hardly move from weariness and hunger, but his face shone with the triumph of victory.

“It’s all right! Splendid!” cried he when within ten paces of his wife, in answer to the anxious expression on her face. “Just think, we went together to those bushes, and he looked and looked at them—he even plucked a leaf and chewed it. ‘What sort of a tree is this?’ says he.”

“‘I don’t know, your Excellency,’ said I.

“‘It’s a little birch, I suppose,’ says he.

“‘Yes, probably, your Excellency.'”

Then he turned to me and held out his hand.

“‘I beg your pardon, lieutenant,’ he says. ‘I must be getting old, that I didn’t remember those bushes.’ He’s a fine man, that professor, and he knows a lot. I felt quite sorry to deceive him. He’s one of the best professors we have. His learning is simply wonderful. And how quick and accurate he is in marking the plans—marvellous!”

But this meant little to Vera. She wanted to hear over and over again exactly what the professor had said about the bushes. She was interested in the smallest details—the expression on the professor’s face, the tone of his voice when he said he must be growing old, exactly how Kolya felt….

They went home together as if there had been no one in the street except themselves, holding each other by the hand and laughing at nothing. The passers-by stopped to look at them; they seemed such a strange couple.

Never before had Nikolai Yevgrafovitch enjoyed his dinner so much as on that day. After dinner, when Vera brought a glass of tea to him in the study, husband and wife suddenly looked at one another, and both laughed.

“What are you laughing at?” asked Vera.

“Well, why did you laugh?” said her husband.

“Oh, only foolishness. I was thinking all about those lilacs. And you?”

“Oh, mine was foolishness too—and the lilacs. I was just going to say that now the lilac will always be my favourite flower….”

1894



Opera House at Martisor 2021 with “Expectation”


The first post-quarantine tour of the Odessa Opera!


Every year the first days of spring are marked by the Martisor Music Festival. During the first ten days of March, the best concert halls from Chisinau (i.e. Philharmonics, Organ Hall, Opera Theater, National Palace) and other localities host over 40 concerts. The performances vary, from classical music, to folklore, to traditional and modern dance. The festival brings to Moldova artists from many countries such as Austria, Germany, Poland, Romania, Belarus, China, Ukraine and others. Mărțișor (the pronunciation: [mərt͡siˈʃor]) is a Moldovan celebration of the beginning of spring. The word Martisor is the diminutive of marț, the old folk name for March, and thus literally means “little March”.

Martisor is the name for the red and white string with hanging tassel customarily given on the 1st day of March. In the olden times, the string could’ve also been black and white or blue and white. Giving this talisman to people is an old custom, and it is believed that the wearer will be strong and healthy for the year to come. It is also a symbol of the coming spring. 

Martisor

With the improvement of the epidemiological situation, the Headquarters under the President of the Moldova Republic for the prevention of the spread of coronavirus, it was decided to resume mass events, but with a limited number of spectators.

Still, most of the festive events will take place online. Concerts, master classes, exhibitions, various actions can be seen on social networks, as well as on the websites of state administrations of cities and regions of the republic and YouTube channels of local cultural institutions.

We are pleased to announce that the Odessa National Opera and Ballet Theatre is bringing a mono-opera by Mikael Tariverdiev “Expectation” to the festival. It’s full of romances on poems by V. Shakespeare, M. Tsvetaeva, A. Voznesensky, plays from the piano cycle “Moods” by Mikael Tariverdiev.

“Expectation” – mono-opera by Mikael Tariverdiev based on Robert Rozhdestvensky’s poem “Waiting (woman’s monologue)” (1982). The opera was written specifically for the Boris Pokrovsky Chamber Theater “based on the unique talent of Maria Lemesheva”, the theater’s soloist.

“Expectation”, Odessa Opera. 2018 (photo: Yuri Litvinenko)

There is only one character in the opera: “She”, the heroine who comes on a date 32 minutes earlier than the man, and during the waiting time she has time to endure a flurry of various emotions, which she expresses in the form of a monologue.

“Expectation”, Odessa Opera. 2018, Photo: Yuri Litvinenko

In a classical production, the opera does not have a happy ending: “it ends sadly, enlightened, but sad – at least with a big question, and in the first production it was shown quite concretely – the heroine leaves alone”. But, for example, in the version of “New Opera” (2010) an optimistic ending was given, which caused a storm of positive emotions in the audience – the heroine waited for the one for whom she came on a date.

The mono-opera will be shown in Palace of the Republic, Chișinău at 06 March 6 pm.

Tickets


2021 EUROSAF Platu25 European Championship


Ukrainian Platu 25 Class Association (UPCA) in conjunction with the International Platu 25 Class Association (IPCA) and in cooperation with the European Sailing federation (EUROSAF) and under the auspices of the Sailing Federation of Ukraine (SFU), Odessa Racing Yacht Club (ORYC) and the Black Sea Yacht Club (BSYC) support are pleased to invite Platu 25 sailors to take part in the 2021 EUROSAF Platu25 European Championship 04 – 09.10 2021.


The Championship will be governed by the rules as defined in The Racing Rules of Sailing (RRS). The Sailing Instructions will be available during registration at the Race Office and at the Championship website. Other documents governing the event will be published with the Sailing Instructions.

The official notice board is located at: Black Sea Yacht Club, office ORYC. Information will also be provided on the Championship website.

The Championship is open to boats of the Platu 25 Class. Only crews representing nations in good standing with the International Platu 25 Class Association may participate. Competitors under 18 years of age shall present a signed and completed parent (or guardian) consent and declaration form at on-site registration.

The Championship will be competed in one fleet with up to 12 fleet races:

Day 14 October 2021Registration and measurement10:00 – 19:00
Day 25 October 2021 Registration and measurement
Opening Ceremony
10:00 – 19:00
18:00
Day 36 October 2021 Races11:00
Day 47 October 2021 Races
Regatta dinner
11:00
19:00
Day 58 October 2021 Races11:00
Day 69 October 2021 Races
Award. Closing Ceremony
11:00
A.S.A.P

No more than four races shall be sailed each day.

The regatta site is located at:
Black Sea Yacht Club
Address: 16/2, plage “Otrada”, 65012, Odessa, Ukraine
Tel.: +380 50 701 3338
Email: eu2021@oryc.club
Contact Person: Albert Kabakov

PRIZES AND TITLES

  • The winner of the Championship will be declared: “Platu 25 Class European Champion 2021”.
  • Medals will be awarded to the first, second and third placed crews of the Championship by EUROSAF.
  • A Trophy will be awarded to the crew of best placed all-female boat by the Organizing Authority.
  • A Trophy will be awarded to the crew of the best placed all-U21 boat by the Organizing Authority.
  • Prizes will be awarded to the best ten overall scored boats by the Organizing Authority.
  • Prizes will be awarded to the winner of each individual race by the Organizing Authority.

Online registration for 2021 EUROSAF Platu25 European Championship is openPlease register here


Cucumbers and tomatoes by the Odessa Port Plant


The first kilograms of the new harvest of cucumbers were harvested in the greenhouses of the service and landscaping workshop of the Odessa Port Plant (OPP).


The very process of their cultivation traditionally began at the end of last year. The seedlings were planted on an area of ​​one hectare. Another hectare was planted with tomatoes.

We have been growing courage cucumbers and alcazar tomatoes for many years. They are hardy varieties suitable for the cold season. Vegetables are grown using traditional soil technology, which allows to ensure the quality of products.

Alexander Mushurov, plant’s agronomist

The first crop of cucumbers of its own production by the OPP has already been tested for nitrates: their content in one kilogram is 70 mg at a rate of 300 mg.

Soon cucumbers will appear on the shelves of the subdivisions of the Priportovoy plant food complex. Tomatoes are expected in late March – early April.


Source: Dumskaya.net


The pearls of the Odessa Literature Museum


The Museum was founded in 1977, on the initiative of Nikita Brygin, Russian journalist, ethnographer and writer, opened to the visitors in 1984. This is one of the largest regional literary museums in Ukraine.


In 1898, the City Council rented the palace from the Prince Gagarin, turned the building to the Odessa Literary and Artistic Society, which united writers, artists, musicians and actors. The meetings and evenings of the Society were held until 1903. Here Ivan Bunin read his translation of Longfellow’s poem. The great Ukrainian actress Maria Zankovetskaya also performed here, and Vladimir Zhabotinsky, a Zionist, the future ideologist of Israel, made a huge impression on the audience with his speeches and articles.

The museum presents more than 300 names of writers, one way or another connected with Odessa. The exposition of the museum houses in 21 halls, includes three directions: the memorial component, the museum of books and Odessa book printing proper, as well as the history of the development of literature in Odessa.

In this article, we want to tell you about the 10 most valuable exhibits of the museum, and we also highly recommend visiting the museum in the nearest future.

1. The first edition of “Poltava”, translated into the ukrainian (malorosskiy) language by Yevgeny Grebinka.

During Pushkin’s lifetime, the first pieces from “Poltava” were published, translated by Yevgeny Grebinka in full volume.

2. In the Odessa Literature Museum there are two intertwined tete-sake – the manuscripts of the Richelieu lyceum magazine. The first notebook “Areopagus (part one) contains three issues of the magazine for 1828.

The poetry section opens with poems by the most popular Russian authors – Pushkin and Zhukovsky. It should be noted that references to the works of A.S. Pushkin, quotes from his works are cited in all issues of “Areopagus” (Pushkin’s description of Odessa is especially often quoted).

Of greatest interest is the section “Criticism” presented by the article “Contemporary Russian Literature”, which provides an overview of the best literary publications in 1828.

Left: Alxander Pushkin | Right: “Areopagus” cover

3. The handwritten list of the 2nd volume of “Dead Souls (Nikolai Gogol), made by a student of the Richelieu Lyceum for his girlfriend. It is one of five or six preserved in the world.

4. Manuscript of Deribas’s article “Pushkinskaya Odessa (Pushkin’s Odessa)”. The museum has a part of Deribas’ archives, the rest is in the scientific library.

5. Furniture from the house of the artist Evgeny Bukovetsky, in which house on Knyazheskaya, 27, in 1918-1919, before emigration, Bunin lived. Perhaps these things bear traces of the writer’s touch. The museum also contains Ivan Bunin’s manuscripts.

House of Eugeny Bukovetsky. Entrance

6. The first edition of “Three Fat Men with color illustrations by Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, 1927, and Yuriy Olesha’s manuscript

The first edition of “Three Fat Men”

7. Ilf’s inkwell, which he used when he wrote “The Golden Calf”. Ilf’s cap and tie, as well as the key “from America ​​- from the New York hotel where Ilf and Petrov stayed during their trip in 1935.

8. Manuscript of the play “Hell in Paradise” by Vera Inber, the heroes of which are Adam, Eve, Lilith and the serpent. It was written for the KROT Theater (Original Theater Circle), where Rina Zelenaya and David Oistrakh worked.

9. Pen and pencil of Vladimir Sosyura which he used during the work.

10. Unique poetic book by Sergei Zhuk “Dreamiliki“, 1922. The author himself acted as an artist and publisher – he cut out the text of the book on a wooden board, from which he manually printed the book. Among Zhuk’s works there is a sonnet about the sea and about Odessa.

In addition to the permanent exhibition, the museum is known for its literary and art exhibitions, classical music concerts, book presentations, conferences and cultural events. The ceremonial Golden Hall of the Museum, with its brilliant interior and excellent acoustics, is considered as the best chamber concert hall in Odessa.

The Odessa Literary Museum
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Medical Law in Ukraine


De Jure Law Firm has been practicing in the field of medical law for over 10 years in Odessa and Southern Ukraine, since its foundation.


What is medical law?

The field of medical law covers a wide range of legal relations in the field of healthcare organisation, regulates the organization of the provision and quality control of medical services, the relationship between the hospital and the patient, the doctor and the patient, and the hospital and the doctor.

Medical law is a relatively young branch of law in Ukraine. Back in 2007, there were only a few companies on the legal services market that specialised in this sector; after 2010 – about 10. However, this field quickly became popular and here’s why:

  • Ukrainians, following lawsuit westerly, all more often try to protect the rights and recover the caused losses.
  • The Ukrainian legislation in the field of medical services has a great number of defects and clearly not enough regulates this sphere of relations. It results sometimes in abuses from the side of patients.
  • Medical insurance becomes more popular and highly sought. Accordingly, non-fulfillment of her terms draws producing of legitimate claims against offending party.
  • Medical reform in Ukraine obliged large hospitals, that had status of budgetary establishments before, to be reorganised in communal noncommercial enterprises and got independence. Actually, they began to work in market conditions and needed skilled legal support; private medicine develops actively, mastering all new directions and extending the spectrum of services, that so far were practically inaccessible in Ukraine. Medical business needs better legal security.

Medical Law in Ukraine

In Ukraine, there is a significant staff shortage for specialists who can provide high-quality protection services in the field of medical law, so society is not yet accustomed to the fact that violations of medical law can cause serious proceedings.

De Jure Law Firm, founded and guided by Grigoriy Tripulskiy has been serving one of the largest private medical centers in the South of Ukraine for over 10 years: Odrex Medical House. There are also other clients in our practice: communal hospitals, dental centers and offices, an ophthalmological center, a plastic surgery clinic, a bioimplant company.

Despite the development of medical law, some representatives of medicine are still trying to save money on legal services. Many of them are looking for an opportunity to close most of the issues on their own or by in-house lawyers. They turn to law firms only when there is a real complicated problem, and also when they need to hedge themselves by making serious decisions. Therefore, our work with clients is quite diverse, some of them need constant comprehensive service, others turn when troubles become inevitable. Of course, this also depends on the size of the organisation and the number of employees working in it.

Medical Law range of assistance

Due to the established activities, the priority of the Law Firm is to serve the providers of medical services, and not their clients. De Jure helps medical institutions, representatives of the pharmaceutical market, medical device manufacturers to avoid risks and act in the legal field. Here is the services provided by the Law Firm:

  • Legal support of the company’s economic activities.
  • Work with contracts and legal documents (development, preparation for signing, legal analysis and control of their implementation).
  • Representing the interests of the company in government bodies.
  • Provision of legal advice.
  • Development of internal documentation, support of licensing issues and obtaining permits.
  • We help to obtain licenses: for medical practice, for the use of drugs and sources of ionizing radiation, for the sale of medicines.
  • We accompany the process of legalization of medical devices.
  • We are engaged in the legalization of the medical practice of foreign doctors.
  • We help medical institutions prepare for accreditation.
  • We accompany inspections by regulatory authorities, from preparation to appeal of results.
  • We represent interests in courts.
  • We analyze advertising campaigns and materials on medical and pharmaceutical topics.
  • We accompany tender purchases and transactions.

The work consists not only to protect against unfair claims, but also, if necessary, to restore the reputation of a medical specialist / institution. After all, the claims of a disgruntled patient can not only lead to material losses, but also be the basis for criminal prosecution.

It is important that a lawyer participates in the negotiations during certain conflict situations, including as a mediator. This helps not only to resolve the conflict that has arisen between the parties in the fairest way, but also to legally correctly consolidate the agreements reached between the Parties.

Many medical institutions are interested in the correct establishment of a system for maintaining medical records, and the registration of civil relations with patients, because this is a guarantee of their safety.

In view of the foregoing, as in the case of disease prevention, it is always recommended to establish the legal security of your medical business in advance, before conflict situations arise.

Oleksandr Hun, Head of Medical Team De-Jure LLC

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